Solar System
Dynamics &
Planetology
Group 		C/1914 F1 Kritzinger



General description

data set of C/1914 F1

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Comet C/1914 F1 was discovered on 30 March 1914, about two months before its perihelion passage, and was last seen on 14 December 1914 [Kronk, Cometography: Volume 3].

This comet made its closest approach to the Earth on 9 May 1914 (0.495 au), that is almost six weeks after its discovery and almost four weeks before perihelion.

Solution given below is based on data span over 0.707 yr in a range of heliocentric distances from 1.57 au through perihelion (1.20 au) to 2.94 au.

Comet suffered significant planetary perturbations during its passage through the planetary system that led to a more tight future orbit with semimajor axis of about 700 au (see future barycentric orbits given below for both solutions: pure gravitational and non-gravitational).

Pure gravitational orbit determined from all available positional measurements (285 observations) give 2a-class orbit, orbit given in Minor Planet Center is 2A class (62 obs. used, almost three months shorter arc of data; see MPC).

It was possible to determine the non-gravitational orbit for C/1914  F1, the RMS for NG orbit decreases (from 3.33 arcsec to 3.12 arcsec, see below) and some trends in O-C disappears (see Figure 1). According to this model original semimajor axis of C/2014 F1 is about 1670 au.

More details in Królikowska et al. 2014


Figure caption:
Upper panel: Time distribution of positional observations with corresponding heliocentric (red curve) and geocentric (green curve) distance at which they were taken. The horizontal dotted lines show the perihelion distance for a given comet whereas vertical dotted lines – the moment of perihelion passage.
Middle panel: O-C diagram for the non-gravitational solution, where differences between observed and calculated positions in right ascension are given as magenta full dots, whereas in declinations are shown as blue circles.
Lowest panel: O-C time vatiations for gravitational solution shows wavy trends in right ascension (magenta dots) and declination (blue circles). Additionally, almost all residuals in RA and DEC starting from 26 August 1914 are negative in the case of GR solution. Both trends disappear in the case of NG solution (see middle panel).



Non–gravitational orbit — see below SSDP Cometary Note C1914F1N5-001

SSDP Cometary Note C1914F1A5-001

Comet C/1914 F1 Kritzinger

number of observations 285
number of residuals 517
data interval 1914 Mar. 30 — 1914 Dec. 14
rms [arcsec] 3.33
orbit quality class 2a

Osculating orbital elements (heliocentric; ecliptic J2000.0)

Epoch (TT) 19140528.0 = JD 2420280.5
time of perihelion passage (TT) 19140604.693158 ± 0.000256
perihelion distance 1.19853665 ± 0.00000529
eccentricity 1.00018867 ± 0.00003381
argument of perihelion [deg] 72.224168 ± 0.000277
longitude of the ascending node [deg] 200.117415 ± 0.000322
inclination [deg] 23.914811 ± 0.000339
inverse semimajor axis [10-6 au-1] -157.41 ± 28.21

Note: Epoch is given in a format: yyyymmdd.d, time of perihelion passage in a format of yyyymmdd.dddddd.



data set of C/1914 F1

Figure caption: Six 2D-projections of the 6D space of original swarm (5001 VCs) of C/1914 F1. Each density map is given in logarithmic scale presented on the right in the individual panel.
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Original orbital elements (barycentric; at 250 au from the Sun)

Epoch (TT) 16150425
time of perihelion passage (TT) 19140604.671419 ± 0.000268
perihelion distance 1.20014864 ± 0.00000515
eccentricity 0.99993105 ± 0.00003410
argument of perihelion [deg] 72.188980 ± 0.000265
longitude of the ascending node [deg] 200.123181 ± 0.000308
inclination [deg] 23.910787 ± 0.000343
inverse semimajor axis [10-6 au-1] 57.45 ± 28.41

Note: Values of uncertainties of original/future orbital elements were derived using a swarm of 5001 osculating orbits of VCs (including the nominal osculating orbit given above) for original/future orbital evolution calclulations and then by fitting the distribution of a given orbital element of original/future swarm of VCs to Gaussian distribution.

Original barycentric positions and velocities of 5001 VCs at 250 au from the Sun are given here   (data format), i.e. before entering the planetary zone.



data set of C/1914 F1

Figure caption: Six 2D-projections of the 6D space of future swarm (5001 VCs) of C/1914 F1. Each density map is given in logarithmic scale presented on the right in the individual panel.
The same figure in the new window

Future orbital elements (barycentric; at 250 au from the Sun)

Epoch (TT) 22310903
time of perihelion passage (TT) 19140605.374133 ± 0.000210
perihelion distance 1.18818561 ± 0.00000581
eccentricity 0.99822733 ± 0.00003377
argument of perihelion [deg] 71.900648 ± 0.000279
longitude of the ascending node [deg] 200.113641 ± 0.000334
inclination [deg] 23.956594 ± 0.000349
inverse semimajor axis [10-6 au-1] 1491.91 ± 28.43


Future barycentric positions and velocities of 5001 VCs at 250 au from the Sun are given here   (data format), i.e. after leaving the planetary zone.



Non–gravitational orbit


SSDP Cometary Note C1914F1N5-001

number of observations 285
number of residuals 519
data interval 1914 Mar. 30 — 1914 Dec. 14
rms [arcsec] 3.12
orbit quality class 2a

Osculating orbital elements (heliocentric; ecliptic J2000.0)

Epoch (TT) 19140528.0 = JD 2420280.5
time of perihelion passage (TT) 19140604.695930 ± 0.000549
perihelion distance 1.19844515 ± 0.00002359
eccentricity 0.99971941 ± 0.00012683
argument of perihelion [deg] 72.225088 ± 0.000443
longitude of the ascending node [deg] 200.114528 ± 0.000812
inclination [deg] 23.909795 ± 0.001379
inverse semimajor axis [10-6 au-1] 234.13 ± 105.83

Nongravitational parameters [10-8 au/day2] A1 = 4.834 ± 0.681 A2 = 4.85 ± 1.19 A3 = 2.481 ± 0.826

Note: Epoch is given in a format: yyyymmdd.d, time of perihelion passage in a format of yyyymmdd.dddddd.



data set of C/1914 F1

Figure caption: Six 2D-projections of the 6D space of original swarm (5001 VCs) of C/1914 F1. Each density map is given in logarithmic scale presented on the right in the individual panel.
The same figure in the new window

Original orbital elements (barycentric; at 250 au from the Sun)

Epoch (TT) 16081107
time of perihelion passage (TT) 19140604.688500 ± 0.003739
perihelion distance 1.19991017 ± 0.00005139
eccentricity 0.99928025 ± 0.00018233
argument of perihelion [deg] 72.209576 ± 0.004141
longitude of the ascending node [deg] 200.117596 ± 0.001699
inclination [deg] 23.903136 ± 0.002255
inverse semimajor axis [10-6 au-1] 599.84 ± 151.98

Note: Values of uncertainties of original/future orbital elements were derived using a swarm of 5001 osculating orbits of VCs (including the nominal osculating orbit given above) for original/future orbital evolution calclulations and then by fitting the distribution of a given orbital element of original/future swarm of VCs to Gaussian distribution.

Original barycentric positions and velocities of 5001 VCs at 250 au from the Sun are given here   (data format), i.e. before entering the planetary zone.



data set of C/1914 F1

Figure caption: Six 2D-projections of the 6D space of future swarm (5001 VCs) of C/1914 F1. Each density map is given in logarithmic scale presented on the right in the individual panel.
The same figure in the new window

Future orbital elements (barycentric; at 250 au from the Sun)

Epoch (TT) 22310506
time of perihelion passage (TT) 19140605.383588 ± 0.002600
perihelion distance 1.18811153 ± 0.00001532
eccentricity 0.99824831 ± 0.00004474
argument of perihelion [deg] 71.895811 ± 0.001262
longitude of the ascending node [deg] 200.118493 ± 0.001861
inclination [deg] 23.950336 ± 0.001799
inverse semimajor axis [10-6 au-1] 1474.34 ± 37.67


Future barycentric positions and velocities of 5001 VCs at 250 au from the Sun are given here   (data format), i.e. after leaving the planetary zone.





Solar System Dynamics & Planetology Group, 2014. All rights reserved

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